Offensive Advertisement Essay

A few advertisers utilize influential promotions to catch the consideration of the clients; notwithstanding, a few advertisers utilize hostile ideas to make exposure and make solid brand mindfulness. This is the thing that Dolce and Gabanna did in underwriting the items in the market. The magazine commercial depicts a picture of a woman while being assaulted by a gathering of men. The dubious ad shows a man holding a lady by her wrists which represents abusive behavior at home. While the woman lies on the ground and the man holds her arm, they are being encircled by topless men. Evidently, this ad depicts viciousness against ladies (Walters, 2007). Clearly, the organization needs to advance exposure through this banner ad. The organization plans to sell the brand name as opposed to the item itself. Through this sort of notice, the general public will effortlessly review the name of the organization which would make them purchase the item in view of its conspicuousness in the market (Bel et al, 2005). This imaginative banner advertisement means to sell the brand and alert the feeling of the individuals in regards to aggressive behavior at home. In spite of the fact that it depicts hostility, the organization has the privilege to demonstrate it to people in general to make the clients mindful about the privileges of ladies in the general public. Demonstrating hostile pictures doesn't mean elevating a specific activity to general society, it might fill in as the scaffold to make the legislature and the network demonstration to kill the foundation of animosity on the planet. It must be appropriated to the market not exclusively to make deals yet in addition to open the eyes of the individuals about aggressive behavior at home. The possibility that this banner advertisement became questionable on account of its subconscious prompts ought to be taken as a decent promoting technique in light of the fact that people in general effectively responded to the messages that this sort of promotion shows to the general public. This notice may have negative messages yet it just shows that even the clothing organization could make a compelling exposure to advance the business and raise the cultural issues. The pundits may discover this promotion as hostile; nonetheless, this would trigger the feeling of the individuals and make them act against aggressive behavior at home. References Bel, B. Brouwer, J. and Das, B. (2005). Media and Meditation. New Delhi: SAGE Walters, C. (2007). Is This Fashion Ad Promoting Gang Rape?. The Consumerist. Recovered March 19, 2009 from http://consumerist. com/customer/publicizing/is-this-design advertisement advancing assault 313579. php

Responsibility of Organizations in Cultural Industry

Question: Depict about the Responsibility of associations in social Industry? Answer: Presentation: World Heritage Sites are of gigantic all inclusive incentive to the mankind and are of extraordinary effect on the protection of humankinds social and characteristic legacy. It is of most extreme significance to safeguard them for people in the future, as general legacy. In each country, there are probably a few landmarks, which are pronounced socially exceptionally rich. There are 1007 landmarks on the planet proclaimed as World Heritage Site (Abdul-Jabbar et al., 2012). There are numerous rules which a site must experience in order to turn into a piece of the world legacy site. Being a piece of the World legacy site involves high renown for any country. Possession on the Management of World's legacy site: The executives of English World Heritage Sites is intricate with regards to numerous possession (Anon, 2015). The English associations deal with these world destinations and the turn of events and Management Plans and in their methodology; they guarantee generally the executives with compelling and dynamic inclusion of the various associations supporting them. The essential components of theie approach in the administration of World Heritage Sites are: The English associations first enroll explicit resources in World Heritage Sites. World Heritage Sites decide the key significance in their safeguarding and security arranging. The specialists intend to oversee, safeguard and keep up these destinations. These Sites are made do with incredible adequacy with the assistance of numerous neighborhood specialists and NGO's (Anon, 2015). Jobs of UNESCO There are numerous superb creation in these world like the incomparable Egyptian Pyramids, Taj Mahal of India, the incredible mass of china. The various regular and social assorted variety of the world is of huge significance and substance of humankind and motivation to mankind (Unesco.org, 2015). The entire world should go about as a network and hold delivers safeguarding these glorious excellent manifestations. The UNESCO embraced the world legacy show in the year 1972. The aphorism of this show was to distinguish normal and social places on the planet with entrancing widespread qualities, their insurance that would profit all the mankind through a co-activity among the countries. The individuals from the Convention, the nations have the essential duty to keep up their normal and social spots and to report their province of conservation(Leask and Fyall, 2006) . The job of UNESCO is to help nations in finishing these assignments. To help the point of the World Heritage Convention, U NESCO, the European space organization concocted the Open Initiative on the Use of Space Technologies for helping the World Heritage Convention. The fundamental rationale of the activity was to build up an arrangement to co-ordinate, explore establishments, non-legislative associations (NGOs), space organizations, and the private segment. This is done to help the creating countries with space advances and improve their normal and social protection work (Iucn.org, 2015). Jobs of ICOMOS: Guaranteeing proper determination, assurance, upkeep and safeguarding of every one of these locales. In the year 1972, UNESCO thought of the show for ensuring these locales. This Convention protects and affirms the improvement of the council for legacy and the Fund. With other fundamental capacities these site's show additionally distinguishes the legacies on the planet, in view of designations put together by individuals from the Convention, the regular, social and that are ensured by them and enrolls these locales on the selections. ICOMOS is on the warning body of the council. It partakes in the foundation of the Convention, alongside (the International Center for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property) and IUCN (the International Union for the Conservation of Nature), based at Gland (Switzerland), and ICCROM. ICOMOS is the logical counselor of the Committee regarding all matters of the social legacy (English-heritage.org.uk, 2015). ICOMOS is truly liab le for the assignments of social against the underlying measures for colossal all inclusive estimation of legacies, and the other choice focuses as approved in the Convention. Jobs of association in dealing with the responsibility for social industry: The World Monuments Fund works with UNESCO on different number of projects and ventures. WMF and UNESCO cooperating to create numerous landmarks, which are in monetarily under, created countries. UNESCO has offered money related and managerial help to numerous Cultural Heritage Conservation Initiatives in different nations, WMF and UNESCO normally held gatherings to talk about the activities on different issues like site advancement around the globe. UNESCO has been taking an interest in the World Monuments program for WMF for a long time. From 1996, UNESCO has been submitting chosen names to the meriting List. A chose memeber of UNESCO consistently takes an interest in all the meriting List Selection Panels. The association happens to be an accomplice of the UNESCO World Heritage Center, in the safeguarding of locales named on the List situated in the Asian district and of the Arab States. The association's delegates are welcome to control building workshops composed by the focuses. It contributes, with the guidance of UNESCO legacy focus, to scatter report to preservation of site on the rundown. References: Abdul-Jabbar, K., Obstfeld, R., Boos, B. also, Ford, A. (2012).What shading is my reality?. Somerville, Mass.: Candlewick Press. Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.hrp.org.uk/Resources/Tower%20of%20London%20World%20Heritage%20Site%20Management%20Plan.pdf [Accessed 13 Feb. 2015]. Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/content/imported-docs/u-z/whcircularpublicconsultation.pdf [Accessed 13 Feb. 2015]. English-heritage.org.uk, (2015).Properties | English Heritage. [online] Available at: https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/[Accessed 13 Feb. 2015]. English-heritage.org.uk, (2015).World Heritage Sites | English Heritage. [online] Available at: https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/proficient/guidance/exhortation by-theme/worldwide and-world-legacy/world-legacy destinations/[Accessed 13 Feb. 2015]. Legacy, W. (2015). . Iucn.org, (2015).IUCN - Home. [online] Available at: https://www.iucn.org/[Accessed 13 Feb. 2015]. Leask, A. also, Fyall, A. (2006).Managing world legacy locales. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Switzerland, P. (2015).Protecting social and characteristic legacy of widespread worth - UNESCO World Heritage in Switzerland. [online] Swissworld.org. Accessible at: https://www.swissworld.org/en/switzerland/swiss_specials/unesco/protecting_cultural_and_natural_heritage/[Accessed 13 Feb. 2015]. Unesco.org, (2015).Launch of the Road Map to add the city of Salt to the World Heritage List | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. [online] Available at: https://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-administrations/single-see/news/launch_of_the_road_map_to_add_the_city_of_salt_to_the_world_heritage_list/#.VN1_tvmUdIw [Accessed 13 Feb. 2015]. protection of the recorded property of Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela, Ethiopia.

Strategic Change Management in Larnaca General Hospital Assignment

Key Change Management in Larnaca General Hospital - Assignment Example The medical clinic was built up in the year 1984 (Larnaca General Hospital, 2012). The medical clinic has been based upon the land which has a place with the â€Å"Church Committee of the Monastery of St. George Kontos†. Church board of trustees gave the land to emergency clinic authority during mid 1980’s. Service of Health gave a gift to medical clinic expert so as to construct the social insurance unit. The clinic was opened on 24th April 1985 by Spyros Kyprianou (previous leader of Cyprus during that time). Financing Situation Various not-for-profit associations, for example, Anti-Cancer Society of Cyprus and Cyprus Association of Cancer Patients and Ministry of Health will give a reserve to bosom wellbeing focal point of Larnaca general clinic. There won't be some other partners aside from referenced philanthropic associations. Statement of purpose In agreement with the Directorate of Nursing Services the medical clinic makes progress toward improving nursing care constantly. As per the directorate, they need productive collaboration just as cooperation from medical attendants during troublesome and complex human services circumstance so as to accomplish the mission objective. Change Situation Breast Health Center Breast malignant growth has developed as a poisonous illness for ladies in most recent fifteen years and measurements show that in the nation of Cyprus number of ladies influenced by bosom disease has been expanded strongly as of late. There are three significant malignant growth anticipation activities, for example, Anti-Cancer society, Cyprus Association of Cancer Patients and Friends are available in the nation. In the locale of Larnaca, there are no unique communities for watching starting manifestations of bosom malignant growth despite the fact that it is an approach to forestall the ailment in beginning periods. It is extremely elusive precise and legitimate medicinal services information of the Cypriot populace because of ex acting government rules. A report distributed by CYSTAT or Statistical Service of Cyprus shows that various ladies kicking the bucket because of bosom malignancy are moderately high as opposed to different illnesses. The measurable report shows that over 32% of ladies are experiencing bosom malignancies. The accompanying graph can be utilized so as to comprehend the seriousness of bosom disease in the nation. (Source: Golna et al., 2004) The Larnaca General Hospital needs to build up bosom wellbeing focus so as to lessen pressure and anxiety related with fundamental phases of bosom malignant growth. The investigation shows that 1109 Cypriot ladies were determined to have bosom malignant growth during the timeframe of 1999-2005. The investigation likewise shows that about 400 instances of bosom malignancy are accounted for by ladies while 90% of cases get enlisted by emergency clinic authorities. In spite of the fact that malignant growth patients get treatment from Bank of Cyprus On cology Center of Nicosia not very many individuals in Larnaca region have the entrance to such offices.

Why Use Essay Sample When Writing For a College Admissions Test?

Why Use Essay Sample When Writing For a College Admissions Test?When you think of writing an essay for your college admissions test, there are many writing samples that can be used. You do not have to be a brilliant writer to use these samples and have them be great for you. In fact, they will help you improve your writing skills when writing essays as you are actually doing it for the first time.One of the best ways to improve your essay writing samples is to actually write your own essay. Many writers now have their own website where they put together essays, and even some sample essay examples. So if you are trying to write a formal essay for the test, take the time to start from scratch. Create your own essay and use the writing samples to get ideas and strategies on how to create a strong essay that will pass the admissions test.Using these writing samples as the guide and strategy that you will need will help you with your essay submission on the college admissions test. The te st will ask you to be thorough and give the reader a clear idea of what you hope to achieve. The writing samples will give you some ideas about the level of creativity you are going to use in your essay.As you know, an essay that does not meet the requirements of the college admissions test is basically worthless. The essay sample you are using is actually the only thing that you have to use and you are not supposed to use another writer's words. To be able to pass the test, you will need to answer all the questions correctly. Also, you need to make sure that you get your point across properly.The better your essay is, the more chances that you have of passing the test. With each passing test, you are improving your writing samples as you are learning new things that you can apply to your own essay. You will want to be consistent with the topics you discuss in your essay, so each time you think about it, you need to consider it and go ahead and write it down.Writing essays is not a problem as long as you are willing to do it right. There are thousands of people who write essays every day, so you have no reason to believe that it will be hard to do. The tests will test your ability to do well, and these samples are an opportunity to learn and improve in the process.These sample essays are invaluable and will make a huge difference in your essay. In fact, with these samples you will find out what kinds of things you will need to do in order to finish the essay with high scores. Once you have this information, you will be better prepared for your test and you will be ready to submit your essay on time.

Abigail Adams Exemplary And Stereotypes - 919 Words

Abigail Adams: Exemplary in Differences and Stereotypes Of Women in the 18th Century Abigail Adams is one of the most well known women in our national history. Her life demonstrated many characteristics that were exemplary in difference and also typical for her gender of the eighteenth century. Her education, religion, marriage and gender all attributed to make her the admirable woman we study today. In her early life, Abigail never went to school, which was common among girls of that time. â€Å"Colonial New England took a casual attitude toward education for females, and many remained illiterate,† and â€Å"the goal of female education was to produce better wives and mothers† . Where Abigail differed was she was taught by various family members how to read and write, and she also had access to her father’s library and was â€Å"encouraged to study secular literature as well,† beyond just studying the bible. This made her have intellectual thoughts beyond the quiet stereotypical colonial woman. Abigail, even though ahead of her peers, was embarrassed of her education and â€Å"was not taught the rules of punctuation, a deficiency to which she became sensitive later in life.† You see many examples of these deficits in the multitude of letters she wrote throughout her lifetime. Abigail’s father, William Smith, was an ordained minister for the â€Å"North Parish Congregational Church of Weymouth.† Some of the features of the congregational church were that they â€Å"always considered preachingShow MoreRelatedWhat It Means For The American Identity2100 Words   |  9 Pagesrequires change. Abigail Adams, the wife of John Adams sent letters to her husband throughout their lives apart, and in the letter dated March 31st, she explains to her husband the nature of men at the time, versus how she sees him. She says, â€Å"That your sex are naturally tyrannical is a truth so thoroughly established as to admit of no dispute; but such of you as wish to be happy willingly give up the harsh title of master for the more tender and endearing one of friend.† (â€Å"Letter to John Adams,† para. 8)Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesWashington University Over the last editions this text has grown stronger with the contribution and feedback of the following instructors: David Abramis, California State University Chris Adalikwu, Concordia College Basil Adams, Notre Dame de Namur University Janet Adams, Kennesaw State University Cheryl Adkins, Longwood College Vicky Aitken, St. Louis Community College David Albritton, Northern Arizona University Bradley Alge, Purdue University Lois Antonen, CSUS Lucy Arendt, University of Wisconsin

Living Life with Heart Failure Essay - 869 Words

Life with Heart Failure What is the first disease that you think of when asked? Of all the diseases that could be mentioned Heart Failure, HF, is one that many have heard of or that has affected a loved one. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention â€Å"heart failure affects nearly 5.1 million Americans of all ages and is responsible for more hospitalizations than all forms of cancer combined. It is the number 1 cause of hospitalization for Medicare patients and this process can begin early in adulthood from poor diets and smoking habits.† HF may go undetected by the client months after the disease starts, which leaves little options for treatment when symptoms are prevalent. As with any disease process early teaching from a†¦show more content†¦Treatment of Heart Failure first starts with identifying the underlying cause of the disease and improving the efficiency of the contractility of the heart. Medications that are often used in the treatment of HF are: Digoxin, whic h raises the contractility of the heart, high efficacy diuretics, which eases edema and eases the workload of the heart, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, reduces blood pressure by dilating blood vessels, Anticoagulants, which prevents the blood from coagulating therefore reducing the risk of heart attack, and beta blockers. There are a few surgery options for patients; Coronary artery bypass surgery is the most common surgery for patients with CF, if patients have coronary artery blockages cardiac surgeons can either â€Å"graft† or bypass the effected artery, with a new artery for the part of the heart experiencing ischemia. Valve replacement surgery is a good option for patients who are experiencing aortic valve leaks or valves needing reshaping/†reinforcement†. LVAD systems, left ventricle valve assist device, are used for those patients who are diagnosed with end stage heart failure; this device works by physically helping your heart pump blood throughout your b ody which alleviates some of the stress for the heart until a heart transplant or the end of life. The final option is for a heart transplant; the diseased heart is replaced with a donor heart. Educating clients early inShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Heart Failure?1258 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is heart failure? Heart failure occurs when the heart loses its ability to pump enough blood through the body. Usually, the loss in pumping action is a symptom of an underlying heart problem, such as coronary artery disease. The term heart failure suggests a sudden and complete stop of heart activity. But, actually, the heart does not suddenly stop. Rather, heart failure usually develops slowly, often over years, as the heart gradually loses its pumping ability and works less efficiently. SomeRead MoreCongestive Heart Failure1589 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Congestive Heart Failure Congestive Heart Failure is a condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the needs of the rest of the body (Department of Health Human Services, 2012). The failure can occur in on either side of the heart. In left-side heart failure, fluid backs up into the lungs, causing shortness of breath, due to the fact that the blood entering the left side of the heart comes from the pulmonary artery, and when the left ventricle cannot pump fluid out of theRead MoreHeart Failure And The Elderly Population1608 Words   |  7 PagesHeart failure is more commonly diagnosed in the elderly population. There are ways to help manage heart failure like lifestyle modifications and use of pharmacology, and assessment for surgical intervention. 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The pumping chambers that support the pulmonary circulation are theRead MoreThe Great Gatsby EssayÂâ€"Failure of the American Dream1258 Words   |  6 PagesBuchanan represent the failure of the American Dream. Each character has a different dream. For Jay Gatsby, his dream is to attain happiness, represented by Daisys love, through materialism and power. For Nick Carraway, his goal is to find someone whose achievement in life could prove th at the American Dream is not an illusion. For Daisy Buchanan, her dream is to reach a higher standard of living and to become very rich even though she has to pay the price of betraying her own heart and her loyalty toRead MoreHiv / Aids And Malaria1598 Words   |  7 Pageshas a populations of 63,136 thousands, with a median age of 40 years. The number of births in the country is 770.3 thousands, while the number of deaths is 560 thousands. The at-birth life expectancy for both sexes is currently 81, while women appear to have a higher life expectancy than males. Despite the late life expectancy age, there are a number of diseases that greatly influence the UK’s health status. Among the UK’s top global health issues, cardiovascular disease (CVD) ranks among the topRead MoreHeart Disease Is A Wide Term That Describes A Range Of1283 Words   |  6 PagesHeart disease is a wide term that describes a range of conditions that affect your heart. These heart diseases consist of born heart defects, blood vessel diseases, and heart rhythm implications. This term can also be interchanged with the term â€Å"cardiovascular disease†, which refers to blood vessel blockage that can lead to severe effects (chest pain, heart attack, stroke). Other symptoms that affect your heart’s beat or muscles also are considered a type of heart disease. 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Legal Research Memorandum Criminal Harassment

Question: Discuss about theLegal Research Memorandum for Criminal Harassment. Answer: TO: Shania Sanders FROM: David Black DATE: December 03, 2016 FILE NO: 15-842 RE: Criminal harassment of Shania Sanders by her neighbor Mark Mudler Stalking is considered as criminal harassment, and includes behavior in the form of repeatedly following someone, or communication with, and even watching over the other persons dwelling home. This behavior is against the laws in Canada. Stalking is considered as predatory in nature as the victim is plunged into a world of terror, as well as, fear (Canadian Resource Centre for Victims of Crime, 2016). Through this memorandum, the case of Shania has been analyzed, to determine the strength of her case against Mark Mudler. This has been done by carrying out an analysis of her case, along with the applicable statute and relevant case. Facts of the Case In the given case, Shania has, on various instances, caught Mark looking at her kitchen window from his back window through binoculars. Upon confrontation, he has always stated that he was indulged in bird watching. Moreover, he has passed lewd comments to Shania. Recently, instead of the binoculars, Mark had started watching Shania through a drone, and still stated that he was bird watching. And after this confrontation, he watched Shania from a vantage point. The latest incident crossed all limits as Mark invited his friends to watch over his backyard. And instead of watching, the passed comments whenever Shania was outside. Due to this, Shania fear to go out on her own property. Issues Whether Shania has any legal right to sue Mark for his behavior? Rule Stalking form of criminal harassment is treated as an offence under the Canadian Law (Manitoba, 2016). And it is punishable by indictment or summary conviction. A maximum penalty of ten years in the prison is awarded for this offence. Criminal Code through Section 264 contains the provisions regarding this form of criminal harassment (Department of Justice, 2016). Section 264 (1) states that a person is not allowed to engaged in the conduct referred in subsection 2 of this section, without the lawful authority and knowing that the other person is harassed or recklessly as to whether such other person is harassed, which results in the other person in reasonable circumstances to fear for their safety, or for the safety of someone who is known to them (Department of Justice, 2016). The prohibited conduct is mentioned in subsection 2. Among the other prohibited conduct, this section includes watching or besetting of the dwelling-house or any such place where another person, or a person known to them, lives, carries or business, works, or is present. Subsection 3 covers the punishment for contravention of this section, in the form of summary conviction, or imprisonment up to ten years being an indictable offence (Government of Canada, 2012). There are various case laws in which criminal harassment has been established, and the guilty have been punished. One of the famous cases in this regard includes the case of R. v. Sillipp [1997] ABCA 346. In this case, Erwin Franz Sillipp stalked Ms Ferland at various instances. As a result of this criminal harassment, various restraining orders were issued against Sillipp. On the breach of these orders, and on finding Sillipp guilty on two counts of criminal harassment under the quoted section, he was sentenced to 30 months incarceration (Canadian Legal Information Institute, 2016). In another case of Dunnett v The Queen [2000], Harry Dunnett was held to be in breach of this section. This was because his daughter and wife feared for their lives, especially the emotional health of the daughter (Canadian Legal Information Institute, 2016). In the matter of R. v. Ryback (1996), the appellant was involved in stalking of the victim, i.e. the plaintiff, outside her workplace, and her home. The judge held that the plaintiff had reasonably feared for her safety due to the behavior of the defendant. And accordingly, the defendant was held guilty of contravention of section 264 of the Criminal Code (Canadian Legal Information Institute, 2016). In the case of R. v. Kordrostami [2000] 47 O.R. (3d) 788, the judges considered that in order for a breach of this section, certain elements had to be established. These elements included harassment, knowledge or recklessness, fear for safety, and reasonableness of fear. In this case also, the accused was convicted of breach of section 264 and was awarded 18 months as suspended sentence (Canadian Legal Information Institute, 2016). As stated in the quoted section, watching the dwelling house also amounts to criminal harassment. And this was evident in the case where David Holroyd was found guilty of criminal harassment, and was sentenced. Upon breaching his bail conditions, he was put on probation for three years, and was also ordered to keep a distance of 1000 meters from the victim. Holroyd used to constantly look out of his window at the victim, and he even tried to video film her. Due to this, the victim could not enjoy her right to the property and feared to return home. Along with the punishment, Holroyd was also prohibited from possession telescopes and binoculars (Eagle, 2013). One of the recent cases of neighbors involved in such criminal harassment includes the case of R. v. Amos [2014] YKTC 61, where the defendant was found guilty of criminal harassment stated under section 264, as he knowingly harassed the victim and even passed lewd comments. And to give this verdict, the judge had made reference to the case of R. v. Sillipp (Canadian Legal Information Institute, 2014). Application Applying the provisions of the Criminal Code section 264 to the present case, it is clear that Mark was in violation of this section. This is because he was involved in the prohibited conduct of watching a persons dwelling house, where Shania lived, and where he had no lawful authority to do so. Moreover, he knew that Shania was being harassed by him, as she had repeatedly complained to him. Furthermore, Shania also feared for her safety and could not go out on her own property. Applying the verdict of R. v. Sillipp case, Mark should be awarded punishment in terms of a sentence. Moreover, Dunnett v The Queen, R. v. Amos, and R. v. Ryback cases provide that this section is breached when the victim fears for his/her safety. In this case, Shania feared for her safety and this is why could not even go outside on her own property. Also, as was done in the case of Holroyd, Mark should also be prohibited from using binoculars and the drone. Due to Marks behavior, Shania could not even enjoy her right to the property and feared going outside. To further establish that Mark was guilty, the elements provided in the case of R. v. Kordrostami should be applied. Here, the harassment was clearly present; Mark had clear knowledge about this as Shania had complained to him repeatedly; there was a fear for safety for Shania; and lastly, there was reasonableness in this fear. This reasonableness is evident from Mark inviting his friends to get involved in such behavior along with him. So, the fear of Shania was reasonable as the actions of Mark were escalating. Conclusion From the above analysis, it is clear that Mark was involved in criminal harassment in form of Stalking. His actions have resulted in fear for safety for Shania and the right to enjoy her own property. As a result of this, Shania does have the legal right to sue Mark for his behavior. She can initiate actions against Mark for the breach of section 264 of the criminal Code, upon which the court would award appropriate punishment to mark, as was done in the quoted case laws. References Canadian Legal Information Institute. (2014). R. v. Amos, 2014 YKTC 61 (CanLII). Retrieved from: https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/yktc/doc/2014/2014yktc61/2014yktc61.html?searchUrlHash=AAAAAQANUi4gdi4gU2lsbGlwcAAAAAABresultIndex=3 Canadian Legal Information Institute. (2016). Dunnett v. The Queen, 2000 CanLII 10275 (NB CA). Retrieved from: https://www.canlii.org/en/nb/nbca/doc/2000/2000canlii10275/2000canlii10275.html?searchUrlHash=AAAAAQAGU2lsbGlwAAAAAAEresultIndex=4 Canadian Legal Information Institute. (2016). R. v. Kordrostami, 2000 CanLII 5670 (ON CA). Retrieved from: https://www.canlii.org/en/on/onca/doc/2000/2000canlii5670/2000canlii5670.html?searchUrlHash=AAAAAQAGU2lsbGlwAAAAAAEresultIndex=1 Canadian Legal Information Institute. (2016). R. v. Ryback, 1996 CanLII 1833 (BC CA). Retrieved from: https://www.canlii.org/en/bc/bcca/doc/1996/1996canlii1833/1996canlii1833.html Canadian Legal Information Institute. (2016). R. v. Sillipp, 1997 ABCA 346 (CanLII). Retrieved from: https://www.canlii.org/en/ab/abca/doc/1997/1997abca346/1997abca346.html Canadian Resource Centre for Victims of Crime. (2016). Criminal Harassment. Retrieved from: https://www.crcvc.ca/docs/crimharass.pdf Department of Justice. (2016). A Handbook for Police and Crown Prosecutors on Criminal Harassment. Retrieved from: https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/cj-jp/fv-vf/har/part1.html#footnote39 Eagle, G. (2013). Stalker banned from home for spying on neighbor. Retrieved from: https://www.torontosun.com/2013/03/06/stalker-banned-from-home-for-spying-on-neighbour Government of Canada. (2012). Criminal harassment. Retrieved from: https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-46/section-264.html Manitoba. (2016). Stalking is a crime. Retrieved from: https://www.gov.mb.ca/justice/domestic/pdf/stalkingweb.pdf

18 vs. 21 Essay

18 vs. 21 Essay 18 vs. 21 Essay Position Details Page 1 of 2 IT Technician I Type:Part Time Non Benefited Salary:$18.95-$25.10 Status:Recruiting Closing Date:03/21/13 Job Summary Provide assistance and support to in-house computer users; installing, maintaining, and servicing individual PC’s; and advising and supporting the in-house training programs. Please note that the current vacancy is for a project position; however, this recruitment may lead to an eligibility list to fill any future vacancies for the same classification for up to six months. EOE The "Ideal" Candidate Perform a variety of professional and technically skilled tasks in the installation, maintenance, operation, and coordination of the City's computer information systems. Effective Public Relations skills. Establish and maintain effective working relationships. Essential Functions Assist and coordinate a City-wide preventive maintenance program. Develop and implement policies, procedures, and standards relating to information technology activities. Deal with confidential information and develop security strategies for the maintenance of the computer network system. Insure that new City facilities are appropriately equipped with all necessary computer equipment. Produce and distribute statistical data, reports and computer printouts as necessary. Interpret and follow technical manuals and develop, maintain, and update training guides and procedural manuals. Oversee information technology functions, such as, electronic mail and printer sharing. Provide assistance to departments to meet current and plan for future data processing/computer/automated information technology needs. Maintain systems and standards for data base design, backup and recovery.Coordinate activities to resolve program and system problems. Conduct product research. Assist with selection of new hardware and software. Operate, maintain, and repair hardware. Install computer equipment and software, and customize installed software to the specific requirements of the user department. Monitor "back-up" systems and file servers. Interface with vendors and customers in a professional and courteous manner. Monitor computer maintenance and repair contracts. Provide assistance, recommend, and evaluate software-training courses. Oversee, advise and support the City’s Computer User Group.Provide assistance to the public, City staff, and other Governmental agencies.Provide information at the public counter, in writing, and on the telephone. Knowledge of: Principles and techniques of computer system programming, networking and software strategies. Techniques and procedures pertaining to installation and maintenance of

Rembrandt Self Portrait essays

Rembrandt Self Portrait essays Frick Collection: Rembrandt Self Portrait-1658 As the art appreciator walks through the illustrious Frick Collection and enters into the long ballroom-like West Gallery, one is initially in amazement by the coffered ceilings, the vast lighting, and the use of marble to give the room an illusion of great height. The initial amazement is furthered as you walk through the lengthy gallery. Then, as one approaches the western end of the gallery, they see a tremendous portrait of a famous man. This kingly portrayal strikes the viewer with its glazed shine and its thick impasto pigments. The viewer senses a feeling of uneasy confrontation from this seated man and the shadowed glare that he casts off. This is the self-portrait of a loathsome genius. This is Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn. Part of the Frick Collection since 1906, this self-portrait of Rembrandt is one of over sixty that he did in his painting days of 1625-1669. The portraits range as widely in nature as they do in date. Many connoisseurs believe the Frick Self Portrait to be the best of them all. Though it sits on the wall of a well-lit gallery, the painting still manages to glimmer as if it were made of gold. At 52 5/8 x 40 7/8 inches in size, the onlooker sees an apparently prosperous old man. He sits in his armchair, as if it was a thrown, and he fingers a staff in left hand as if it were his scepter. His right arm lays sternly on the other arm of the chair, and a red sash is draped around his waste, giving the portrait an open and horizontally linear value to it. The three-quarter-length portrait embodies the artist in a hieratic frontal pose, which was unusual in self-portraiture of the time. The red and gold of his aristocratic garments light up the chiaroscuro portrait, further contribu ting to the impression of wealth and power. Behind the artist, there lies a subdued and dark background, so that warm gold and vermilion colors of the artists garment...

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Finance - Essay Example In addition, the company operates its hospitality business from Fremantle, Healesville and Melbourne. The company has some subsidiaries as well such as Little Creatures Breweries Pvt. Ltd., which is a popular name in Australia. Another subsidiary assisting the group in its packaging and hospitality vertical is Fremantle Harbour Properties Pvt. Ltd., as recorded last on June 30, 2006 (Reuters, 2011). The present paper aims to assess the credibility of the company during 2009 and 2010, based on which it might be appraised to the position of a suitable borrower. Credibility of a company could be decided through an evaluation of its financial performance over the years. Financial evaluation on the other hand, could be made on the basis of the four groups of ratios namely, Liquidity, Efficiency, Activity and Profitability. In case that the company is found to fare well in terms of the above factors, it might be regarded as a suitable borrower. In addition, an assessment of the economic en vironment in which the bank is functioning also needs to be assessed for the purpose. Economic Environment Strengths The economic environment of Little World Beverages Group might be regarded as having improved from the records of financial year 2008 to that in the financial year 2009. It experienced growth in terms of total operating revenues as well as net profit ratios by 18% and 51% respectively over the years. These improvements had essentially been due to expansions in the company’s base of operations over the years. It had moved on to international frontiers as well so that the company started experiencing economies of large scale operations (Little World Beverages Limited, 2009-10). Weaknesses The company is recently found to have withdrawn much of its outstanding shares from the secondary market which has taken a toll over its financial leverage quotient. Moreover this very fact has proved to be quite taxing in its profitability aspect as well which is the reason why the company might be at the verge of losing its loyal base of investors. Financial Status As mentioned earlier, the financial evaluation of a company would be made on the basis of four groups of financial ratios each of which will be examining one particular aspect of the company’s profile. Information based on which these assessments are to be made will be available on the company annual reports. Liquidity Liquidity of a company decides the extent to which a company is capable to meet its short run obligations. In other words, how far a company is able to tackle its short run liabilities given its volume of assets is something that is conceptualized by the term short term solvency. It draws a comparison between the company liabilities and the volume of liquid assets possessed by the company. In case that the proportion of liquid assets is greater than the liabilities surmounting the company, it might be regarded as solvent over the short run (Wild, Subramanyam & Halsey, 200 6). There are three ratios to determine short term solvency of a company, namely – Current Ratio – It decides the units of current asset that a company possesses in comparison with the current liabilities of the same. Ideally, current ratio must be greater than 1 in order to establish a company’s solvent position. In case that it is rising over time as well, short term liquidity of the company might be regarded as a robust one. Quick Ratio – It implies the ratio of quick assets to current liabilitie

Evolution of Management Accounting discipline and it's relationship Essay

Evolution of Management Accounting discipline and it's relationship with other functions in organisations - Essay Example For example, business organisations are now more concerned with maximising the stakeholders’ value instead of profit maximisation. Besides, they have recognized their responsibilities towards society, community, corporate and environment. Now, they aim to develop their organisational structure and strategies that strive to meet these responsibilities. In this respect, different aspects of management accounting play very crucial role. It is one of the primary areas that help to meet objectives of corporate governance and strategic formulation process. This paper will attempt to present critical analysis of management accounting by pointing out its important aspects. At first, the evolution of management accounting will be analysed by figuring out its influencing factors. It will also discuss the historical background of the present management accounting system. ... This section will try to develop certain recommendations for bringing further development in modern management accounting. In order to support the critical analysis and discussions, proper evidences will be provided. Finally, the entire discussion, analysis and major outcomes will be summed up in conclusion. Evolution of Management Accounting Before presenting the evolution and historical development of managerial accounting, it is necessary to understand the term ‘management accounting’ because this term includes two major concepts of business organisational activities. Robert S, Kaplan identified two major areas of management accounting and these are cost accounting and management control (Kaplan, 1984). These two areas are very vital for organisational success. Management accounting process is helpful in executing cost accounting and management controlling activities. R. N. Anthony defined that â€Å"management accounting is concerned with accounting information that is useful to management† (Banjerjee, 2005, p.2). T. G. Rose elaborated that management accounting is meant to adopt and analyse the accounting information for better diagnosis and explanation for assisting managements in decision making process (Palanivelu, 2007, p.289). Many critics and scholar observes the cost accounting, financial accounting and management accounting as different areas of finance. However, this can be interpreted as the traditional concept of management accounting. This concept was in trend prior to 1980s before the modernisation of cost accounting and management control. Thomas Johnson traced that US corporations started to focus of management accounting during 1850-1925 as this field was very important for the growth and development

Wireless devices without Wi-Fi Essay Example for Free

Wireless devices without Wi-Fi Essay 3.1.1 What would happen if wireless devices were not governed by the Wi-Fi Alliance and each vendor had its own standards and protocols? What impact would this have on your personal life or business communications? Personal information and business will slow down due to each vendor having its own standards/protocols. It will also be more vulnerable to attacks and make accessing more difficult. 3.1.2 Give another example of a model that is used to visualize something that is difficult to observe or perceive. How does the model make it easier to understand? Another way of displaying information for easier understanding is to use a flow chart. A flow chart can be used as a step by step guide. 3.1.3 Based on what you already know about networks, what are the different layers you think would be necessary for communication to be mapped to a model? Consider direct connections between host devices and connections that require other routing equipment, such as a hub, switch, or router. 1. Data link 2. Physical 3. Application 4. Network 5. Transport 3.1.4 The granularity of the reference model will often determine the usefulness of the model. What will happen if a model is too general? What will happen if a model is too granular (focused on individual detail)? If the data is too detailed, it may overlap with other information. However if the data is too general, then there may be crucial information missing. 3.1 Review 1. Why would a three-layer model of communication that has the layers  physical, network, and application be insufficient to adequately describe network communication? The model would be insufficient because it would not have the ability to transport data to any other network. 2. What is the history of the OSI reference model? How did it come about and why was it created? Use your textbook and internet research to support your answer. OSI was created in the late 1970s. It was created to define a unifying standard of architecture for networking systems. OSI was meant to be the foundation for what would later be known as the internet but when comparing to TCP/IP protocols, OSI just wasn’t enough to support the rapid growth of the internet. Now, the OSI model is used to explain networking in general terms. OSI is still used today by software/hardware designers to clarify roles in a networking system. 3. What is the history of TCP/IP model? Why was it created? Use your textbook and internet research to support your answer. TCP/IP was developed in the early 1970s, originally as part of a research network the United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) developed. However, due to the TCP/IP protocols limitations and flaws, ARPA developed a new network. In the mid-1970s, it was found that TCP was attempting to do too much. This is when they decided to split TCP and IP into two separate layers. In the 1980s, TCP/IP was used to run ARPAnet and also started to expand to other machines and networks, completely evolving ARPAnet. This is how the internet was born. 3.2.1 Using Figure 3-1, define each layer of the OSI model in your own words and state what each layer provides. Use your textbook or internet research to support your answer. Application – Quality of service is established, communication partners are identifies, user authentication and privacy is considered and established. Presentation – Changes data into a form that the application can accept. Session – Manages and terminates connections between applications. Transport – Transfers data between systems, maintains flow control and recovery. Network – Provides switches and routing technologies and creating logical paths. Data link – Data packet is encoded Physical – provides the hardware necessary for sending and receiving data, bit stream 3.2.2 Using Figure 3-2 as a basis, complete the diagram to show the intermediate  encapsulation provided by each layer. Use your textbook and internet research to support your answer. Transport – Segments Network – Packets Data link – Frame 3.2.3 Briefly explain the de-encapsulation steps in the communication of host B receiving a message and host A destined for an active application. Host A will use application for the OS while allowing the PC to still communicate to other devices. Transport will control the data sent and received. The network will place IP addresses to the packets allowing data to be added to the MAC addresses and physical link between host and lines. Exercise 3.2.4 Explain why routing devices do not need the upper layer of the OSI model to route traffic. What is the highest layer of the OSI model used by the router to decide where to forward traffic? The first three layers of the OSI is typically what a router needs to route traffic. The first three layer are physical, data link and network. The highest level the OSI decide where to forward traffic to is the transport layer which is located in the host layers. Lab 3.2 Review 1. How does the abstraction of the physical layer facilitate interoperability across networks using different types of physical wires? IP terminals might be located in different parts of the build making it complex. There are lines coming in and out of the build that might be different than that issued to a company. To try and replace one will be complex, confusing and time consuming if unsure. 2. The OSI model is not directly implemented in networking and often the distinction between the layers will blur in implementation. Why does it endure despite these issues? Use your textbook and internet research to justify your answer. Technicians still use the OSI model because it gives a step by step guide on  how the information is being transported and makes troubleshooting more precise. 3. Given the purpose of each, is it necessary to retain the top three layers of the OSI model as separate entities? Use your textbook and internet research to justify your answer. It is not necessary to keep the top three layers of the OSI model when TCP/IP combines the top three layers of OSI into one layer that ultimately does the same functions. Exercise 3.3.1 Using your textbook and internet research, create a mapping between the TCP/IP model and the OSI reference model. What are the distinct differences between them? One major difference between OSI and TCP/IP is the first three layers of OSI are combined into a single layer in TCP/IP known as the Application Layer. The other difference is the last two layers, Data link and Physical layer are combined into one layer known as Network Access or Link Layer. Exercise 3.3.2 Identify the layer in which each protocol resides according to the TCP/IP model. OSI # OSI Layer Name TCP/IP # TCP/IP Layer Name Encapsulation Units TCP/IP Protocols 7 Application 4 Application Data FTP, HTTP, POP3, IMAP, telnet, SMTP, DNS, TFTP 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Transport Segments TCP, UDP 3 Network 2 Internet Packets IP 2 Data Link 1 Network Access Frames 1 Physical Bits Exercise 3.3.3 The most common protocols used from this suite are IP, TCP, and UDP. Briefly describe the purpose and function of each of these. Use your textbook and internet research to support your answer. UDP – User datagram protocol – this is a connectionless service the gives best-effort delivery but does not guarantee delivery. This is often used for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communications such as video conference applications. IP – Internet protocol – Primarily a communications protocol within the internet protocol suite that relays datagrams across network boundaries. Ultimately it establishes the Internet. Delivers packets from the source host to destination hosts based on IP address in the packet header. TCP – Transmission Control Protocol – Core protocol of IP. Known for its reliability and error checking delivery between programs running on computers connected by common networks. Sends data in the form of message units between comp uters using the internet. Lab 3.3 Review 1. UDP is a connectionless protocol, unlike TCP, so there is no feedback on whether a packet was received. When would this type of protocol be used and what is the benefit of using it? Use your textbook and internet research to draw your conclusions. UDP is ideal for when you are managing a large amount of information and you don’t want to use TCP because the operating system won’t be able to support that many sessions at one time. This does not happen frequently as TCP has become more reliable but it still is one example of why you’d rather use UDP. UDP can also get a quick response from another server more quickly. However UDP has been viewed as unreliable because there is no feedback and information can get lost. 2. HTTP is the common protocol used to retrieve web resources in a web browser. This runs over TCP/IP networks using TCP. What characteristics of TCP make its use in this situation desirable? Use your textbook and internet  research to draw your conclusion. The feedback feature in TCP is ideal because you are guaranteed that messages will be sent and received successfully. One common application that is a prime example of TCP and its success is through e-mail. Exercise 3.4.1 The data link layer introduces physical addressing in the form of Media Access Control (MAC) addresses. Each frame header is Ethernet, for example, will contain a source and destination MAC address. Why is this sufficient to route traffic locally without invoking the higher-level logical addressing? Use your textbook and internet research to guide your conclusion. MAC addresses are sufficient enough to route traffic to other networks because the frame header of MAC addresses contains all that is required without having to access higher level logical addresses. Exercise 3.4.2 Choose one of the captured packets. Click the + sign next to the Ethernet entry. This should give you the data link layer information for the frame, including the source and destination MAC addresses. Record the frame number and the source and destination MAC addresses identified by the data link layer heading. You can identify a MAC address by its format; for example, 00: 26: 62: 65: 81: 07 00:26:62:65:81:07 is a MAC address. These are commonly written in hexadecimal shorthand. Exercise 3.4.3 Open a web browser and navigate to a site that you use frequently (or visit www.pearson.com) while the packet capture is active. This will record the individual frames involved in resolving the website and delivering its content to your PC. When you view this traffic in the life packet capture, what protocols do you see invoked? You can find these under the Protocol heading for each frame. Exercise 3.4.4 and Exercise 3.4.5 cannot do because student doesn’t have access to data link layer connection (Omnipeek). Lab 3.4 Review 1. Wireshark give you the ability to save captured traffic. This can be a  great benefit to network administrators, but it can also pose a security risk. What kind of security risks does this present? Use your textbook and internet research to support your conclusion. There are a few risks associated with Wireshark. There is a possibility of a back-door hack, and the security configuration of Wireshark enables it to run in the background after exiting. While running in the background, one can access your routing information, IP addresses, passwords and usernames. 2. The frame encapsulates all other information from the higher layers of the network communication. What kind of information on the network layer encapsulation is available in Wireshark? Using Wireshark, you can track Wi-Fi access, IP addresses, network routings and encrypted packets.

Business trip :: essays research papers

It is highly recommended that company officials visit the countries to examine the markets where they are considering selling their products before any transaction occurs a company can familiarize itself with cultural nuances which may impact the design, packaging or advertising of the product. Moreover, traveling abroad allows one to locate and cultivate new customers, as well as improve relationships and communication with current foreign representatives and associates Typically, a successful business trip requires months of planning Proper Documentation Visas: Visas are required by many countries and cannot be obtained through the Office of Passport Services. They are provided by the foreign country's embassy or consulate in the United States for a small fee. The traveler must have a current U.S. passport to obtain a visa; many cases, a recent photo is required. The traveler should allow several weeks to obtain visas, especially if traveling to developing nations. It is important to note that some foreign countries require visas for business travel but not tourist travel. Therefore, when company representatives request visas from a consulate or embassy, they should notify the authorities that they will be conducting business. Business people should check visa requirements each time they travel to a ccountry because regulations change periodically. Contact an Export Assistance Center to learn about documentation requirements for the countries where you will be traveling. Vaccinations: Requirements for vaccinations differ by country. While there may not be any restrictions on direct travel to and from the United States, there may be restrictions if individuals travel indirectly, by stopping over in one country before reaching their final destination. Vaccinations against typhus, typhoid, and other diseases are advisable even though they are not required. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) maintains a fax-back system and a homepage to advise travelers of current and accurate country and region conditions. To receive a document dial 888-232-3299 and follow the prompts. The CDC internet address is http://www.cdc.gov. Foreign Customs: Since foreign customs regulations vary widely with each country, travelers are advised to learn in advance the regulations that apply to each country that will be visited. If allowances for cigarettes, liquor, currency, and certain other items, are not taken into account, they can be impounded at national borders. Business travelers that plan to carry product samples with them may be required to pay import duties. In some countries, duties and extensive customs procedures on sample products may be avoided by obtaining an ATA Carnet.

Automobile Industry of Pakistan †an Overview Essay

The automotive industry rightly prides itself on being recognized as the â€Å"mother of all industries. † In its folds it carries many different kinds of vehicles to provide mobility to people and goods. While they may appear to be simple machines, their design and manufacturing have much deeper roots in all the known technologies. In-depth knowledge and skillful application of mechanical, electrical, electronics, chemical and a host of other technologies culminate in achievement and improvement of the manufacturing base of a country, by focusing on a single product â€Å"the automobile. † This then provides an opportunity to produce a large number of goods and services for consumption of the entire international community. Use of the word â€Å"mother† for automotive industry is therefore the most appropriate description to define the nature and importance of the industry. In recent years, we have witnessed that the industrialization of South East Asian countries greatly depend on the development of their automotive industry. Similarly, automotive industry acted as a catalyst in the overall growth of the industry in Japan and Koreas and the consequent wellbeing of their citizens. It is indeed heartening that the mother has once again smiled at Pakistan. Fortunately the last 3 years have witnessed phenomenal growth in the industry in terms of technological advancements and production/sale volumes with the local contents rising as high as 90%. The industry is already employing 120,000 people, contributing more than 12 billion rupees to GDP, contributing more than Rs. 30 billion to the national exchequer in terms of duties and taxes, attracted investment worth Rs. 52 billion including a substantial foreign investment. Today the customers have choice to pick from a wide range of products including motorcycles, trucks, buses and cars of premier Japanese and Korean brands at internationally competitive prices which has only become possible due to local contents and availability of highly productive and inexpensive human resources. An automobile has over 2000 components and parts out of which the assemblers usually concentrate on the manufacturing of small but critical parts while the remaining parts are supplied by the vendors and the subcontractors. In Pakistan the automobile component manufacturing industry consists of mainly units producing original components for assembly under delegation program and units producing reconditioned and original components for local use. These units are in three types which include the original equipment manufacturers, independent equipment manufacturers and the ancillary (auxiliary) industry producing small parts and non-automotive items. There are more than 800 vendors in the country with a total investment of over Rs.8 billion; they are engaged in the manufacturing of original components for the assembly operation under the delegation program as well as producing reconditioned and original components for sale in the local market. They manufacture and supply the local car assemblers with auto parts such as pistons, engine valves, gaskets, camshafts, shock-absorbers, struts, steering mechanism, cylinder heads, wheel hubs, brake drums, wheels, bumpers, instruments and instrument panels, gears of all types, radiators, cylinder liners, blinkers, lights, doors and door locks as well as auto air conditioners. Critics say that the local vendor industry though still in the process of development, have not achieved the delegation targets by producing low quality components which are not acceptable by the local assemblers, it is said that the Pakistan Association of Automotive Parts & Accessories – which represents the auto parts manufacturers – have not in a way been fully able to contribute its share to the development of this sector. The vendors on their part however put the blame on the policy makers and partly on the assemblers who have not been encouraging the local vendors as such. On the other hand it is said that the foreign car principals have no justification for their complaints because of the level of their participation in the local vendor industry. Hino trucks, as it was pointed out, have started manufacturing wheel drums locally while Suzuki is still complaining about the quality of silencer it received from the local vendors. In the world trade, Automobile Sector is one of the largest segments. It is the major driver of economic growth and business activities in a country. It puts multiplier impacts on the economy. Day-in, day-out around 200,000 vehicles roll off the world’s assembly lines with car as the dominant segment of the industry. Evolution of Automobile Industry in Pakistan Automotive industry in Pakistan started in the 1950 and has gone through different phases from being a private sector industry in 1950 – 60s, and becoming a government controlled industry in the 1970s – thanks to Mr. Bhutto’s Nationalization policy, and then reverting back to the private sector from 1980 onward. Currently in Pakistan we have a total of 67 Automobile Manufacturing Units (A. M. U) which include: o7 Car A. M. Us o7 Light Commercial Vehicle A. M. Us o2 Jeep A. M. Us o5 Truck and Bus A. M. Us o4 Tractor A. M. Us o42 Motorcycle A. M. Us There are approximately 400 vendors doing businesses in the automobile sector. All the Automobile Manufacturing Units in Pakistan are operating under agreement and licensing from countries like Japan, Korea, China and some from the European Union. Pakistan’s automobile sector has been registering high growth rates for the last four to five years due to the country’s business friendly policies along with lower tariff rates, persistent growth in GDP, and per capita income. Globally considered as the mother of all industries, the automobile industry in Pakistan is fast evolving as a robust industry. Some sub-sectors of this fast growing industry, like motorcycle production, have already achieved economies of scale. The level of motorization in the country has also been rising over the years. In 1998-99, it was three cars per 1000 persons, which has significantly increased to 11 cars per 1000 persons in year 2005-06. The indigenous growth in production of motorcycles increased by 25 per cent during year 2005-06, reaching to an all-time high of 520,124 as compared to 106,797 units in the year 1996-97, which accounts for around 380 per cent increase in motorcycle production during the last nine years. Similarly the production of trucks as well as that of buses also saw sufficient increase during the last 10 years. Some 2,994 units of trucks were being produced in the country in 1995-96 which, over the years, have increased to 4,518 units, recording 51 per cent increase in production. In the case of buses, the rise in production is more pronounced as compared to that of trucks as their production augmented by around 74 per cent during the last decade or so. The industry has achieved a phenomenal growth of 50. 2 percent in Fiscal Year 2004-05 and increased competition has led to the introduction of innovative products as well as a decline in financing costs. Compared with Pakistan, India has a strong engineering base and has successfully created a sizable capacity for production of vehicles. It enjoys a clear edge over Pakistan in the automobile sector. Indian auto companies are highly cost competitive due to appropriate levels of automation and low cost automation and have achieved a high level of productivity by embracing Japanese concepts and best practices. India is already the second largest two wheeler manufacturer, second largest tractor manufacturer, and fifth largest commercial vehicle manufacturer in the world and has the fourth largest car market in Asia. The automobile industry in India is now gradually evolving to replicate those of developed countries. Pakistan can import automotive components and spare parts from India at a lower price as presently these items are being imported from the Far East at higher prices. On the other hand, India is expected to benefit from free trade due to its low raw material, electric and labor costs. The two segments of the industry namely; Car and Motorcycles have shown remarkable growth over the last five years. The growth in domestic market of cars has risen from 40,601 in year 2001-02 to 126,817 in year 2004-05, which is expected to cross 150,000 units during year 2005-06. This growth is attributed mainly by car financing schemes, improved liquidity position of certain class as a result of economic growth indicators and other monetary measures. The motorcycles have also shown marvelous growth due to new entrants. The new entrants with fair competition have brought about the availability of cheaper vehicles in the domestic market. Vendor Industry This industry has the potential for development of entire engineering sector. Development of vendor industries in return assures transfer of technologies in nearly all spheres of engineering, specifically, metallurgy, plastics and glass. Technology exists for major engine, suspension and transmission components but due to limited market, prospective entrepreneurs shy away from investment. Over 400 vendors are engaged in the production of auto parts locally including tires, sheet metal parts, mirrors, gaskets, engine valves, camshafts, oil pump gears, pistons, radiators, seats, dashboard, and axles. The Beginning of Pakistan’s Automobile Industry When Pakistan came appeared on the map of the world, there were neither any automobile assembly plants nor were any industrial capabilities available for this sector. However, the development of this industrial sector started soon after the independence. Peace in the country and development planning by government resulted in increased economic growth that sequentially laid the foundation of industry. First Period 1950 – 1964 (Start from the Scratch) First serious effort by government to develop the industry and engineering sector in particularly was observed in 1950s when a six-year plan (First Development Plan) was drafted to guide government investment in developing the infrastructure. For auto industry, to overcome the initial difficulties, the government, besides developing infrastructural facilities established the Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation (PIDC) in 1950. The main objective of PIDC was to play the pioneering role of establishing such industries which the private enterprise was unable to undertake either because they were technologically complex, needed large capital, or were less profitable. These steps resulted in growth of the industrial sector recording 56. 62 % growth of the manufacturing sector from year 1949 to 1955. Investment in the automobile industry in Pakistan started in the mid 1950’s when Kandawalla Industries established its units for assembling buses and trucks, the company’s name was later changed to NayaDaur Motors. National Motors took the indigenization when it came out in the 1960’s and was said to have reached above 80% delegation of the Bedford lorries and trucks before it closed down. Kandawalla Motors on its part came up with ‘Nishan’ , a jeep copied on the pattern of Willeys Jeep of USA by the Pakistan Army, it was said that the project was successful but was killed before the commercial production could begin. It may be worth mentioning here that the same blueprint is said to still be in use in Iran till today but under their own brand name. Second Period 1964 – 1972 (Progressive Manufacturing) Potential of the industry and high demand of the products attracted new entrants whereas the existing players started producing in mass quantities. This mass production that started in 1964 resulted in the first ever period of progressive manufacturing in the history of Pakistan. The idea of progressive manufacturing was first mooted by the Ghandhara Industries and Mack Trucks. The idea was to start local manufacturing with simple and non-functional parts and to add more and more complicated parts in small steps. According to the planning then done 100% local manufacturing was to be achieved in seven to ten years. Unfortunately, this period did not last long as the projects undertaken proved to be over ambitious that eventually failed. Clearly the concept of progressive manufacturing has not added much to technology, self-reliance or economy. For example, as against the targets set of manufacturing 100% of local contents in maximum 10 years, actually achieved delegation in eighteen years is 45. 78% for trucks & buses, 43. 17% for trucks & buses engines, 16. 50% for 4Ãâ€"4 jeeps and zero percent for cars. Furthermore, no new units for manufacturing passenger cars, 4Ãâ€"4 vehicles, LCVs, buses and trucks were established under this concept, but still few new units for producing tractors, jeeps and specialized vehicle were established. New units established were Atlas Honda, Khawaja Autos, Rana Tractors, Jaffar Industries, and Bela Engineers. A more market oriented approach was adapted by Honda motorcycles and Vespa scooters during this period, as they introduced light motorcycles for the first time in a market dominated by heavy motor bikes like BSA, Triumph and Lamberetta scooters. Third Period 1973 – 1987 (Nationalization of Industries) Following the progressive manufacturing period, nationalization of industries under Economic Reforms order had a profound impact on automobile industry in Pakistan. In early 1972 under Martial Law Regulation, the Government took over the control of 32 industrial units, including eight automobile plants, under the officially appointed Board of Industrial Management with the Minister for Production as its Chairman. The units taken over by the Government were iron and steel, heavy engineering, heavy chemicals, assembly and manufacturers of motor vehicles. The companies gone under nationalization included: oWazir Ali Engineering oSind Engineering oHyesons Mack Trucks oAli Autos oAwami Autos oRana Tractors oMillat Tractors oHaroonInd/Karachi Autos oRepublic Motors oJaffer Trailer Developers oGhandhara National Motors oKandawala Industries oNayaDaur Initially, the management of these industries was taken over by the government, but in August 1973, the President promulgated the Economic Reforms (Amendment) Ordinance after which the Federal Government acquired majority ownership of shares of these industrial units. After nationalization, these units were renamed, their functions were redefined, and Pakistan Automobile Corporation (PACO) was created in 1973 as a holding corporation under the administrative control of the Federal Ministry of Production. Formation of PACO In order to manage the automobile units and to advise the Government (in developing policy guidelines for growth and development of auto industry), Pakistan Automobile Corporation (PACO) was formed in 1973 under the administrative control of the Federal Ministry of Production. It was a major public industrial conglomerate of 15 companies including four joint ventures. For the first time in Pakistan emphasis was given to develop the nationalized units under local manufacturing facilities and the development of parts in an organized manner and the system of standardization, regulations and monitoring was established. This required the industry to assemble from Complete Knock Down (CKD) and then go on to manufacture components and to achieve a local content of 75% over a five year period. A number of small and large industrial units that were mostly functioning in the unorganized sector were channelized into a more formal pattern of production management under the PACO control. The direction for achieving quality standards as laid down by the â€Å"Principals† was also established. The MOI was entrusted the responsibility of allowing any waiver for non-performance, and was applicable if CBR also concurred. Performance under Government Control According to the government resources, the nationalized industries made progress on a wide front. During the year 1973-74, large scale manufacturing sector achieved a growth rate of 7% as compared to 11. 8% achieved during year 1972-73. The performance of automobile and farm equipment group was the best with production recording an increase of 78. 6%, followed by chemicals (30%) and steel and engineering (15. 1%). It can be observed that number of units in almost all areas of automobiles developed in this phase. The distinctive feature of after nationalization period is the assembly of Suzuki range of vehicles (Cars, Pick-up, Vans and Jeeps) and Isuzu Trucks & Buses in the public sector. Awami Autos signed a Joint Venture Agreement with Suzuki Motor Co. of Japan and a new company by the Name of Pak Suzuki Motor Co. Ltd was established in 1982 to produce Suzuki range of vehicles at the existing facilities of Awami Autos. PACO also established two units in the public sector namely Baluchistan Wheels and Bolan castings. The performance of PIDC was also excellent under the nationalization reform and it also contributed towards the progressive manufacturing. The performance of PIDC can be evaluated from the fact that by the end of December 1973, PIDC was successful in completing 62 projects at a capital cost of Rs 1,242. 6 million. In March 1974, 16 industrial projects were transferred to the respective 12 corporations set up by the Federal Government. Including in these projects were Pakistan Machine Tool Factory, Heavy Mechanical Complex and Heavy Foundry and Forge Projects. Subsequently, the remaining 10 projects under the PIDC’s control were also transferred to the Mineral Development Corporation. During the year 1972-73, the PIDC-managed projects and companies produced goods worth Rs. 470. 5 million as compared to Rs. 446. 6 million in 1971-72. Fourth Period 1987-95 (Privatization on Industries) The policy of de-nationalizing public sector units was adopted once the change in government took place. Privatization brought in foreign companies. This resulted in a number of joint ventures. Due to these ventures, Pakistan auto industry entered into assembly/progressive manufacturing of passenger cars, commercial vehicles and motorcycles. Once the new management of cars and motorcycle assemblers took over the control they entered into joint ventures with foreign companies mostly Japanese, for further development. Most important joint venture that took place was of Atlas with Honda and Indus Motor with Toyota. Similarly, NayaDaur which after discontinuation of AMC-Jeep franchise had become a mere vendor to Pak Suzuki (assembling Suzuki Jeeps) was sold to Tawakal group. Under the Government de-nationalization policy NayaDaur entered into Joint Venture with Kia Motors of Korea and started assembling Kia Ceres Pickups and Kia Pride Cars. The process of privatization is still on and fortunately every government has adopted the policy of privatization and opening of the markets to foreign investment. Although, process is on but still many object that this process is not crystal clear and has many short comings. Major Players in Pakistan’s Automobile Industry oPak Suzuki Company Ltd. oSuzuki Motorcycles Pakistan Ltd. oAtlas Honda Ltd. oIndus Motors Compay Ltd. oDewan Farooque Motors Ltd. oDawood Yamaha Ltd. oSigma Motors (Pvt. ) Ltd. oHinoPak Motors Ltd. oGhandhara Industries Ltd. oSind Engineering Ltd. oVPL Limited. oMaster Motor Corporation Ltd. oAl-Ghazi Tractors Ltd. oMillat Tractors Ltd.

A Survey On The Diversity At The School Is Enormous More...

In TCS the diversity in the school is enormous. More than 115 countries are represented by past alumni and present students. This allows for cultures and customs to leave a big imprint on the student’s, especially because TCS is a boarding school, but it is also a day school for teens that live forty five minutes away or have no need to board. However, when comparing boarder’s to day students, many think that boarders have an advantage culturally and socially, and have a higher tolerance and have emotional insight, intelligence, and would overall learn new things and become socially active and culturally aware. In a survey done at TCS (Burdick, 2015) 70% of students in the school are boarders and 30% of students are day students. Not only are more than half of the school boarders but it means that 70% of the school would be most likely to build better bonds with each other than with the 30%. Boarders are affected socially in a self sufficient way. 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